The Importance of Self-Concept and Self-Esteem - 1252 Words

Introduction The concept of self has been addressed by many psychology theorists. Self-concept and self-esteem are considered to be the feelings and constructs that people experience in relation to themselves. The idea that self-concept and self-esteem are closely linked to peoples abilities to deal with changes and issues in their lives and to provide some measure of control over what happens to them is documented widely in the literature (Bandura, 1977; Brown, 1993, 1998; Brown Dutton, 1995; Brown and Marshal, 2001; Donnellan, et al., 2005; Watson Clark, 1984; Watson Tellegan, 1985). Self-image and self-perception are basically equivalents to self-concept (Mann, 2004). Self-esteem is regarded as equivalent to self-regard, self-estimation and self-worth. Self-esteem is the evaluative and affective dimension of the self-concept (Mann, 2004). The self is both the knower and the one who is known. Concepts we hold about ourselves may be core to knowing the self, as self-awareness is a continual, fluctuating state. Barring, for this purpose, consideration of the physical self, the aspects that make up the self are cognitive, affective, and executive. The cognitive self consists of our self-knowledge all that we know or believe that we know about ourselves. The affective self is the felt or emotional self, while the executive self is the active or behavioral self (Brown, 1998). Self-esteem and emotion. Self-esteem has been associated with a wide array of positive andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Self Esteem1630 Words   |  7 PagesMills BU 110 25 October 2016 The Importance of Self-Esteem It is often said that if an individual wishes to succeed in life they must have confidence. That in order to handle difficult situations it is confidence that will see them through. But what if that’s wrong? What if there was a lesser known, subtly more powerful force that would allow an individual to succeed and be resilient to those difficult situations? Often confused with confidence, it is self-esteem that is a powerful mechanism affectingRead MoreThe Self Paper1268 Words   |  6 PagesThe Self Paper Kimberly Kline Psych/555 January 20, 2014 Tracy Masiello The Self Paper This paper will define the concept of self, and explain how an individual develops a self-concept. It will explain the relationship between the self and emotion and how this relationship affects an individual’s self-esteem. It will also explain the relationship between the self and behavior and how this relationship affects an individual’s self-presentation. Read MoreDevelopment of Self Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesDevelopment of Self The development of self starts at a very young age. When a preschooler is asked how are they different from other children, they usually look at their self concept. Self concept is their identity, of their set of beliefs about what they are like as individuals. Most preschoolers give inaccurate statements about their self concept. They usually overestimate their skills and knowledge. Preschool-age children also begin to develop a view of self that reflects their particularRead MoreSelf -Esteem and Student Success1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Self-Esteem on Student Success Cristine Scott Central Michigan University CED 502 Student Development in Higher Education Mr. John Lalibertà © In today’s’ society, success is often measured by academic and professional achievement. Higher education provides more opportunity and freedom. Statistics verify that generally, the more highly educated have higher earnings and there is a significant difference between wages earned by employees with College degrees and those without. HigherRead MoreLiterature Review : Skin Care Product Use Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review: Skin Care Product Use It has been found that skin care product users are positively related to self and health consciousness. Consumers also value their state of emotion and physical well-being. In terms of skin care products, it is one of many factors influenced to maintain one’s need for care of general appearance (Yeon and Chung, 2011). According to a pharmaceutical journal by Niha Naveed, on average women use 12 skin care products daily, and men use 6. Additionally, in relationRead MoreA Nursing Practice Theory : Unifying Holistic Approach Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesNeeds theory was partially influenced by works of K. Goldstein who developed the concept of self-actualization, later borrowed by Maslow and other psychologists (Francis Kritsonis, 2006). Definitions of Major Concepts As it was mentioned before, the key idea of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory relates to the existence of several sets of motivation and needs that govern human behavior. Hence, the major concepts of this theory include certain needs that are grouped into sets based on their placeRead MoreThe Identification Of Self Esteem1260 Words   |  6 PagesStates 85% of people suffer from low self-esteem. This means that many of us are consumed by fear of failure, fail more often than not, tend to procrastinate, feel unfulfilled, frustrated, angry, unloved, unlovable, nervous or shy, are indecisive, suffer from many other uncomfortable feelings that prevent us from our realizing full potential. In order to cure this illness, we must first know the cause and where it originated. The identification of self-esteem as a part of psychology thought to haveRead MoreThe Role Of Self Esteem And Consumer Behavior1025 Words   |  5 Pages The aim of this essay is to explain the role of self-esteem in consumer behaviour. In order to understand this concept, I will firstly explain the basic definitions related to self-esteem. Secondly, I will identify the importance of self-esteem when segmenting and positioning within a market; through two marketing appeals. One focusing on high self-esteem and the other explaining low self-esteem. Lastly, I will evaluate the managerial and consumer implications from the examples selected. As a resultRead MoreEffect of Gender on Self-Esteem in China1432 Words   |  6 PagesHead: VALID OR NOT Effects of Gender on Self-Esteem in China Name of Student School Abstract Six studies present varying results on the effect of gender on self-esteem. Watkins Yu (1993) found gender to have little effect on self-esteem but much on self-concept and self-satisfaction, especially among Chinese women. Zhang Leung (2002) suggested the moderating factors of gender and age in the connection between individual and collective self-esteem and life satisfaction. Their research concludedRead MoreSelf Reflection : Self Esteem956 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-esteem is the comprehension of self-acknowledgement from the self and from others. Factors contributing to overall self-esteem includes; Self-worth, Self- tolerance and belief in oneself. (SOURCE4) Self-esteem is thought to begin as early as life and continue throughout existence with various changes as age progresses. (SOURCE#2) A sense of self-esteem outside of the norm can lead to problematic life occurrences. Both high and low self-perception can intervene with everyday life. People with

Argumentative Essay about Why I Chose MBA

Attaining personal goal is one of the most exciting things that an individual can ever dream of. Imagine of owning a car a massionate, a big business, being wealthy and even having a beautiful wife or hand some partner. (Weaver, 1997) All these really make us have self satisfaction. The choice lies solely on ones perspective and interests. At times, achieving these goals relies on the decision that one makes. Taking the situation of the current technological arena, most people tend to relies on being self reliant and neglect further education. They venture into personal or family business. Some resort to utilize their talents such as sports, technical aspects such as computer wizardry of which gives them satisfaction. Why then did I decide to pursue a degree in MBA? In deed, various reasons clicked in my mind that made me in landing in this field. Firstly, MBA is an acronym of masters in Business Administration. It entails the managerial aspect and skills that are impacted on the learners on how to manage and control resources. Education is the pillar in the development of a given state. The knowledge when properly disseminated changes the perspective of viewing ideas and gives one a wider perspective in dealing with various situations. Having a dream of making a lot of money to take care of my family, I needed some stringent skills that would make me realize my dream. Jungian personality self assessment test has played a vital role in my career decision making. Having undergone the test, I discovered I am the type of person who is resorted as being social and stickler to rules outgoing, argumentative and, a natural leader. This made me realize I can fit in the social environment more sore where I would mingle with other staff and lead them. However some of Jungian principles differ with my opinion of which I could not manage. For instance my traits could fit in being a police officer which I could imagine of. My category ENTJ to some extent specifies what I should do to enhance good rapport with other workers. (Robbin P. 2009) Cooperate organization requires soft skills such as ability to learn different behaviors’ of employees. In my self evaluation, I realized I have developed leadership skills that my colleagues admired. Most of them tell me that, I posses the ability of being diligent, social person and, ability to organize small groups. These personalities required to be natured so that I could fully acquire them. (Weaver, 1997) Character behavioral formation is an aspect that is acquired through practice of some norms and application of knowledge. Though it is argued that some people naturally have traits such as organization skills, further education is required to enhance these skills. Consequently the contemporary society is virtually filled with business activities, such as financial institutions, on profit organizations, industries and government agencies. The current global scenario has exposed itself where, companies are collapsing due to mismanagement. In addition, workers are falling out because, they lack motivation from managers. This calls for urgent solution to be undertaken to avoid worsening the situation. (Brown, 2002)As an inspiring leader, I needed further level of education especially the one that highlights the stringent issues that we are currently facing. We need competent leaders that would manage resources wisely and ensure business sector flourish well. It is with no doubt that this encouraged me to pursue an MBA. At times many people take higher degree for the purpose of pride, peer pressure or as a requirement by the job description. It is not motivation that makes such individuals to pursue such courses, but the external demanding forces. This leads to the situations that we observe in our management boards today. Having a monologue with myself, I found out the intrinsic motivation that I had and, purpose is different from what the majority perceive. I realized that this could perhaps change the business arena. I strongly believe the passion that I have, and the enthusiasm to see better results and improvement in the people’s living standard would be of great importance to the society. Behavioral management has proved to be a challenging aspect in current business world. (Robbin P. 2009)This is exhibited especially in the cooperate world where most of the individuals who are capable of attaining their very best, but are only limited by motivational boundaries. Having realized this and the character that I have developed over the past years as an individual who is self motivated, I find this to be a chance to impact that knowledge to the cooperate world and improve the efficiency. (Brown, 2002)Fear to motivate the juniors by the managers is common because, they fear that they me be toppled over, However, this is a wrong perspective as it would not only see the whole organization fail but also, the manager as a person to be seen as failure Having also acquired the managerial skills, I can also be in a position to develop personal knowledge on how to manage my business. It is a challenge to many individuals to manage business. This leads to the collapse of many businesses because of lack of knowledge. The skills that I would acquire in my MBA would assist me organize my business and realize very high profits. This would make me achieve my goals of attaining a lot of money that would sustain my family. My outgoing character would add as an added advantage where I would be opportunistic and maximize any business chances that come to my way. The Jungian principle also describes me as a person who practices competency. This is a vital instrument more so in a business environment, where quality work is deserved for better growth. I believe wherever I would work, quality would be my principle. This is in line with the studies from MBA where quality is one of the key principles for acquiring more clients. In conclusion, the 16 test from Jungian test have had an impact in my decision to undertake an MBA. In addition, studying MBA would further empower me to achieve my goals faster and live a happy life. Personally, the areas that are my weaknesses such as being overambitious would be corrected through change of behavior and further training. References Brown, D. (2002). Career choice and development. New York: Willey Company Robbins .P, S. (2009). Self assessment. U. S. A: Pearson princetone Hall Weaver, R. (1997). Manage as facilitators. USA: Berret koehler publisher

Medieval Period The Middle Ages - 1964 Words

The period of time from approximately 500 AD - 1600 AD is commonly know as the Middle Ages. It is also known synonymously as the Dark Ages; a time devoid of any art, literature, theatre, or innovations. A Medieval scholar will be quick to dispute these claims for when one begins to study this time period it becomes hard to deny the plethora of artistic development over the thousand year period. Theatre scholars and practitioners are not immune to this common misconception. In the long history of theatrics the timeline often goes from Roman theatre straight to Elizabethan with the exception of Morality Plays being the only genre of note in between. This then leads to misconception that the only plays of the Medieval Period are Morality†¦show more content†¦King Henry VIII came to power on April, 22 1509. This means that The Interlude of Youth was written very early into King Henry VIII’s reign and the young king would have just entered his twenties. Therefore it is not difficult to come the conclusion that the brash young Prince Youth is a representation of King Henry VIII. An easy proof of this in the text can be found in Youth’s first speech when he declares that his ‘legs be full light for to run,/ To hop dance, and make merry.’ These lines are strongly reminiscent of ‘The arrogance and vanity of the young Henry experienced by visitors to the English court such as Pietro Pasqualigo, the Venetian diplomat to whom the King showed off his muscular leg in 1515.’ During the course of the play Youth is allured in to friendship with Riot, Pride and Lechery who are embodiments of the traits their very names suggest. All the while Charity and Humility try the length of the play to keep Youth away from Riot, Pride and Lechery in order to ensure that he will be a ruler with virtue and without vice. The plot of The Interludes of Youth may seem inconsequential to a modern audience, but knowing that Youth is Henry VIII a nd that this play was specifically commissioned by Henry Algernon Percy the fifth earl ofShow MoreRelatedThe Medieval Period Of The Middle Ages901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Medieval Bestiary During the middle Ages there was thought to be a spiritual aspect to animals – real and imaginary. The bestiary was an odd compilation, even to today s standards. It combined observations from nature, zoological commentaries, imaginative illustrations and a good dose of moral and religious lessons to bind it all together. In a time where there was no distinct separation between church and science, it seems almost natural that a book like the bestiary evolved from such an unlikelyRead MoreThe Medieval Period Of The Middle Ages1183 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Middle ages countless disputes over power occur. From corrupted government officials, to establishing a proper structure for Roman Catholicism. However, one can argue whether it’s good or bad intentions with great powers comes great responsibility. The Medieval period began from the 5th century when the Western Roman Empire collapsed, to 15th century. During the Medieval Period the Roman Church was the dominat ed church. The church controlled religion, philosophy, morals, politics, artRead MoreThe Early Middle Ages And Early Medieval Period Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on medieval to modern times can help you learn about what historians call the late antiquity, early middle ages, and the early modern period. These periods were all crucial in the formation of modern government, philosophy, culture as well as many other aspects and qualities of society today. The late antiquity, the early middle ages and the early modern period were all named by historians to mark significant changes in politics, culture and spirituality. The late antiquity period is saidRead MoreArt in the Middle Ages and The Renaissance and Its Effect in Society1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medieval period also referred to as the Middle Ages was the period of time between the demise of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance era; this was the period from the 5th century to the 17th century in Europe. During this time, society conformed to the feudal system which was based on the hierarchy approach which upper class had control over the lower class. Included in this class structure were kings, lords, neighboring kings, peasants and church leaders. In the Middle Ages, art evolvesRead MoreHow Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans1696 Words   |  7 PagesEric Green Urban British Literature 1st 3 December 2015 How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans In life majority of people believe telling the truth is the correct way of living. Truth has endured the world throughout time and is seemingly unanswerable to those who do not understand it because this subject appears in every culture. Truth goes along with universal questions such as what is beauty, justice, and power. And love but none have a direct answer because they are all dependent onRead MoreMedieval Period in European History1575 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The medieval period in European history begins after the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 C.E., and continued until the early modern period beginning around 1500. The medieval period is split into the sub-categories of early medieval (500-1000), central middle ages (1000-1300), late medieval (1300-1500), and followed by the early modern period (1500-1800). At each of these periods of time important political, economic, social, cultural, religious and scientific changes were beingRead MoreThose Horrible Middle Ages !1433 Words   |  6 PagesAs indicated by the sarcastic title of her book â€Å"Those Terrible Middle Ages!† French historian Rà ©gine Pernoud addresses this commonly held misconception. She argues this time in history spanning approximately a thousand years as well as the image of the Church, have been irresponsibly represented. Her examination of this time period reveals that it is not the Church, but modernism that generates a return to the classical ideol ogy of antiquity. These ancient pagan beliefs of the distant past are notRead MoreSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism1505 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism Submitted by R. Zothanmawia V Semester BA R/no: 1101BA005 MEDIEVAL CRITICISM The period between the Classical Age and the Renaissance is vaguely named the Middle Age or the Medieval Age. In England, this period spans eight centuries and historians place it from the year of composition of Beowulf in 725 AD to 1474 AD when Caxton published the first book ever printed. The only standard work that dealt with Medieval Criticism is English Literary Criticism:Read MoreThe Late Middle Ages And Medieval Times996 Words   |  4 PagesThe Middle Ages, or Medieval Times, lasted from the fifth to fifteenth centuries in European history. Specifically, 1300-1500 brought about the period known as the Late Middle Ages. In this period, a decline of the quality of life became apparent. The Late Middle Ages is viewed largely as the early beginnings of what would become the Renaissance only a couple of centuries later. Even being the late part of the Middle Ages, much of this time was still prevalently medieval much like the earlier centuriesRead MoreWomen As Represented In Society By Anita Kay OPry-Reynolds-Renolds938 Words   |  4 PagesRepresented in Medieval Literature in Society by Anita Kay OPry-Reynolds-Renolds you can find a different way of how women men were supposed to act during the Medieval time period. She finds evidence from different Medieval wor ks of literatures to help support her thesis. OPry-Reynolds uses some details from Beowulf, Lancelot, Knight of the Cart, and Sir Gawain and The Green Knight to show the different gender roles between men and women. The details OPry-Reynolds finds from the different Medieval literatures

Is Insanity Normal Essay - 3468 Words

Is Insanity Normal? Works Cited Missing We’re all mad here. I’m mad. You’re mad -The Cheshire Cat from Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Have you ever questioned your sanity? Have you ever wished you could change, for even one day, and be the person that others wanted you to be? Have you ever actually made that change, either by choice or by force? Do you think you’re normal? Maybe you’ve lived the most normal life you could imagine. Or maybe not. Maybe you’re life is so abnormal and outrageous that you don’t wish to be normal. Have you ever questioned your sanity? Introduction Insanity appears in various forms and we all know how to mentally picture it. We can create clear images of insane individuals in our†¦show more content†¦Everyone experiences its symptoms differently, so, clearly, we should not classify any two individuals together. Unfortunately, madness is defined by stereotypical ideals and not as an accepted difference. It has become the inability to be sane. We have a clear distinction between sane and insane. Most would agree that we consider the former, normal, and the latter, abnormal. As John Dupre, author of, Normal People, wrote, The idea that there are normal and abnormal ways for people to be and to behave is a very familiar one. So also is the idea that abnormality- or deviance- is something regrettable, deplorable, and even, in some cases, punishable (221). Depending on which category one fits into, he or she may be effortlessly accepted or completely rejected. The way we define insanity obviously pushes away differences. Because society seems exclusively to accept those who act within a narrow range of barriers and not those who act outrageously, anyone who does this runs the risk of being considered unnecessarily mad or insane and, unfortunately, this may sometimes result in him or her being committed or banned from society. As Lennard J. Davis author of Constructing Normalcy states, †¦the problem is not the person with disabilities, the problem is the way that normalcy is constructed to create the ‘problem’ of the disabled person (9). The fact is that society has created a stigma that establishes,Show MoreRelatedThe Insanity Defense And The Defense1428 Words   |  6 Pages The insanity defense was first used by U.S. Congressman Daniel Sickles of New York in 1859 after he had killed his wife s lover, Philip Barton Key. The insanity defense asserts that a criminal defendant should not be found guilty due to the defenda nt s â€Å"insanity,† but insanity in this context refers to a very specific dysfunction. The theory behind the defense is that a person who is insane lacks the intent required to perform a criminal act because the person either does not know that the actRead MoreWhy We Crave Horror Stephen King Analysis1004 Words   |  5 PagesCaught up in our lives, we all begin to lose our sense of feeling like a normal person. By watching the peculiar events and characters in a horror movie, a person can replenish their normality. Stephen King offers another example from a horror movie that compares humans to the ugly personae in a horror movie--â€Å"Freda Jackson as the horrible melting women in Die, Monster, Die!† (King, â€Å"Why We 1) makes us feel, to put it bluntly, normal. King continues to use this example to prove we are â€Å"light- years fromRead MoreReview Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1603 Words   |  7 Pagessanity and insanity are affected b y many different aspects and according to common knowledge, insanity has a direct correlation to mental illness. Likewise, sanity seems to have a direct link to what is considered normal. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey describes the connection that both insanity and sanity have to mental illness and the people that suffer from it. Furthermore, it describes how the people who work in the mental ward are connected to how sanity and insanity are perceivedRead MoreNot Guilty By Reason Of Insanity847 Words   |  4 Pagesreason of insanity is defined as â€Å"a verdict rendered by a jury in a criminal case that finds that the defendant was insane at the time of committing the crime as determined by application of the rest for insanity used in the jurisdiction compare guilty but mentally ill...† (FindLaw Legal Dictionary). This means that someone who has committed a crime cannot be tried as guilty for the crime at hand due to the determination that the defend ant is â€Å"insane†; â€Å"a state of mind that prevents normal perceptionRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1544 Words   |  7 Pagesthis concept and gives us her interpretation of it. Throughout the novel, both characters undergo a series of experiences that build on each other, which consequently leads them to their insanity. Shelley’s use of the characters’ personal experiences in her novel Frankenstein, explicate the triggers of insanity. Victor Frankenstein’s pursuit of knowledge creates an obsession that ultimately consumes him. Victor, who even as a young child â€Å"was more deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge,† wasRead MoreInsanity Plea Essay example1098 Words   |  5 Pageswith the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity. About a year before, Hinckley shot Ronald Reagan because he was infatuated with the famous actress Jodie Foster. He thought shooting Reagan would impress her and lead her to fall in love with him. After the verdict was announced, the public responded with dismay because they felt as though Hinckley should pay for what he had done. Following the uproar, the United States revised and limited the insanity plea with the hopes that fewer people wouldRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1544 Words   |  7 Pagesthis concept and gives us her interpretation of it. Throughout the novel, both characters undergo a series of experiences that build on each other, which conseq uently leads them to their insanity. Shelley’s use of the characters’ personal experiences in her novel Frankenstein, explicate the triggers of insanity. Victor Frankenstein’s pursuit of knowledge creates an obsession that ultimately consumes him. Victor, who even as a young child â€Å"was more deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge,† wasRead MoreEffects of Isolation in the Yellow Wallpaper1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Isolation Through out the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and the film, â€Å"Santa Sangre,† the main characters finds themselves led into a state of insanity. In the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the narrator explains that she is suffering from post partum depression, leaving her husband to treat her with rest cure or bed rest. During this time, she is placed in a solitary room with walls covered in yellow wallpaper. Similarly, through out â€Å"Santa SangreRead MoreThe Mentally Ill1679 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout history, human societies have had conflicting views on insanity and how it is defined in life. Primitive cultures found peace within shamans and witch doctors because they believed the insane were possessed by evil spirits. From then on, in Roman and Greek cultures, there was a somewhat progressive ideology that mental illness came from biological and emotional ailments. They believed in treating those with mental disorders humanely and respectfully which is an attitude that has beenRead MoreThe Insanity Plea For Pleading Insane1616 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years the abuse of insanity plea, has troubled our American Justice System in our world today. The growth in this defense has increased so much that the expansion has asked the question; whether or not insanity plea is a worthy and justified defense to be used in the courts. The Insanity defense is when a criminal defendant can be found to have been legally insane when that defendant committed the crime they did at the time. In some cases, the criminal defendant pleads insane and gets a

Earnings Qantas Airways Limited

Question: Discuss about the Earnings Qantas Airways Limited. Answer: Introduction: Qantas Airways Limiteds financial performance has improved in the financial year 2016 as compared to the previous year, which is depicted in the increase in the return on invested capital. The company has reported a return on invested capital of 22.70% for the financial year 2016, which is greater than that reported for the year 2015 (Qantas, 2016). In the year 2015, the company reported a return on invested capital of 16.20%. The return on invested capital has been computed by dividing the earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) by average invested capital. Thus, the increase in the return on invested capital could be attributed to the increase in EBIT or reduction in the average invested capital (Bernstein, 2004). In the current case of Qantas, both the factors such as increase in EBIT and reduction in average capital employed have contributed to the increase in the return on invested capital. The EBIT was observed to be $1,476 million for the year 2015, which increased to $2,009 million in the year 2016. Further, the average invested capital was observed to be $9,091 million for the year 2015, which reduced to $8,857 million in the year 2016 (Qantas, 2016). The combined impact of increase in the EBIT and the reduction in the average invested capital caused substantial increase in the return on invested capital in the year 2016. The increase in the EBIT indicates improvements in the operational performance of the company in the year 2016. The primary reason for improvement in the operational performance has been observed to be increase in the revenues. The revenues of the company increased from $15,816 million in the year 2015 to $16,200 million in the year 2016 (Qantas, 2016). In addition to this, there have been observed a reduction in the operating cost as well. The major reduction was found to be in fuel cost, which reduced from $3,937 million in the year 2015 to $3,250 million in the year 2016 (Qantas, 2016). Further, the reduction in the average invested capital also caused improvement in the operational performance of the company. In the regard, the major improvement was observed in the managing receivables. The accumulation in receivables went down from $1093 million in the year 2015 to $929 million in the year 2016. Further, slight increases in the liabilities such as payables and advance revenues helped in optimizing the invested capital, which ultimately caused enhancement in the return on invested capital (Bernstein, 2004). Cost of Debt for Qantas Amount ($M) Amount ($M) Interest bearing debt 2015 Current 771.00 Non-Current 4,791.00 Total 5,562.00 Interest bearing debt 2016 Current 441.00 Non-Current 4,421.00 Total 4,862.00 Average level of debt for 2016 5,212.00 Total Interest paid out in 2016 284.00 Cost of Debt (Interest paid/Average level of debt 2016) 5.45% The market value of shares is taken as the weight of equity in the computation of WACC. Therefore, the average equity level has been calculated based on the market value of shares as shown below: Market Value of share capital of Qantas Share Capital Market Value on 01.07.2015 No of Shares (million) 2,205 Share Price on 01.07.2015 3.26 Market Value (A) ($M) 7,187.40 Share Capital Market Value on 31.06.2016 No of Shares 2,083 Share Price on 31.06.2016 2.82 Market Value (B) ($M) 5,874.05 Average Equity Levels for 2016 2016 ($M) 2015 ($M) Market Value of Shares 5,874.05 7,187.40 Treasury Shares (50.00) (7.00) Reserves (220.00) (66.00) Retained Earnings (100.00) (1,115.00) Total Equity 5,504.05 5,999.40 Average Equity for 2016 5,751.73 Cost of Equity for Qantas: Using CAPM Model Description Rate Remarks A. Risk free rate 1.77% Based on 5 years bond yield (Bloomberg, 2016) B. Market return 7.18% Based on average annual returns on ASX 200 (refer appendix-B) C. Beta of Qantas 0.86 Computed variance and covariance of returns (refer appendix-A) CAPM 6.40% Weighted average cost of capital Weight Cost Weighted Average Debt 0.48 5.45% 0.026 Equity 0.52 6.40% 0.034 WACC 5.95% The return on invested capital is the return earned by the company on the amount of capital or resources used in earning that return. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the return that the investor may desire from the company to earn. Thus, the weighted average cost of capital designates the investors expectations from the company (Brigham and Daves, 2014). In case of Qantas, the company earned after tax return on invested capital of 15.90%, while the weighted average cost of capital is worked out to be 5.95%. This indicates that the company is earning more than the investors expectations. Therefore, the return on invested capital of 15.90% is very much acceptable from the investors perspective. The company is following policy of paying dividend and buying the shares back from the shareholders. This policy of the company seems to be inappropriate in the given circumstances because the company is earning more than the investors expectations. In such circumstances, the company should retain the profits and reinvest the same in the operations rather than distributing as dividend to the shareholders. On the same grounds the company is advised to stop buy back of the shares also. References Qantas. 2016. Preliminary Final Report for the Financial Year Ended 30 June 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://investor.qantas.com/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/doLLG5ufYkCyEPjF1tpgyw/file/full-year-results/preliminaryFinalReport16.pdf [Accessed on: 20 September 2016]. Bernstein. 2004. Analysis of financial statement. Tata McGraw-Hill Education Brigham, E.F. and Daves, P.R. 2014. Intermediate financial management. Cengage Learning. Bloomberg. 2016. Australian bond rates. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds/government-bonds/australia [Accessed on: 20 September 2016].

Marketing Tactics and Business Export

Question: Describe about the Marketing Tactics and Business Export. Answer: What service aspects, and additional complimentary service areas, would you develop given your target market section (i.e. 24/7, individual personal trainers, spa and sauna services, etc.)? The service aspect along with complimentary service that would enhance target market section is as follows; Discount vouchers for repeated service. A customer opting for repeated services can get discount vouchers for the same from next time. Club card for availing privileged services. The company can make a loyalty club card that delivers value to customers in terms of points or point redemption at other outlets of other stores(Studio Retrieved on 23rd November 2016). Promotional coupons for add on services, as 10% off for first service and thereafter 15% off on consecutive services. This will further attract customers to avail repeated services. Additional services by clubbing. Providing customers add on service with traditional services as free message with physiotherapy and so on. The company can offer beauty care services which are traditionally offered by salons. Pick-up and drop services for regular customers Promotional strategies by telephone calling regular customers during periods of sale or heavy discounts. This will help gain attention of customers and they will feel valued from the company. Prolong services from standard time. This means to increase service times for a particular service to enhance customer satisfaction levels. This will highly surprise the customer who will have expectation that the service will end in a particular period of time but on receiving prolonged time, customer will be attracted(Navarro 2010). Deliver services by individual trainer at residents of individuals. This will help targeting a lot of customers who cannot travel to the company or does not want to travel. They will be delighted to receive such services from the company at affordable rates clubbed with other offers. References Navarro, A., Losada, F., Ruzo, E. and Dez, J.A., 2010. Implications of perceived competitive advantages, adaptation of marketing tactics and export commitment on export performance.Journal of world business,45(1), pp.49-58. Studio, TP Retrieved on 23rd November 2016, 'Customer Service', https://www.thepilatesstudio.co.nz/#about-marquee.